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    December 09

    Teams

    Team Decision Making
    The quality of group decision making is impacted by conformity, and conformity can lead to any of the four main pitfalls of group decision making.
    Conformity occurs when people bring their behavior into alignment with a group's expectations and beliefs. Why do people conform? There are two main reasons: 1)They want to do the "right" thing and 2)They want to be liked.

    Decision-Making Pitfall 1: Groupthink occurs when team members place consensus above all other priorities. The desire to agree becomes so dominant that it can override the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. How to avoid:

    Monitor team size (With teams larger than 10, individual members may feel less personal responsibility)
    Get buy-in from organizational authorities (When teams believe that their decisions are important, they are more likely to make sound decisions)
    Provide a face-saving mechanism (Often, face-saving concerns keep people from changing course)
    Adopt different perspectives (Perspective of different stakeholders)

    Decision-Making Pitfall 2: Escalation of Commitment: Committing further resources to what eventually proved to be a failing course of action. How to avoid:

    Set limits (Determine what criteria and performance standards will be necessary)
    Avoid the bystander effect (Avoid to do nothing out of fear of acting foolishly)
    Avoid tunnel vision (Get several perspectives on the problem)
    Recognize sunk costs (Money and/or other commitments previously spent cannot be recovered)
    External review (In some cases, remove  or replace the original decision makers from deliberations)

    Decision-Making Pitfall 3: The Abilene Paradox: A form of pluralistic ignorance; team members adopt a position because other members desire it, team members don't challenge one another because they want to avoid conflict. How to avoid:

    Confront the issue in a team setting
    Conduct a private vote (Dissenting opinions are easier to express privately)
    Minimize status differences (Lower status members are likely to feel pressures to conform. Eliminate status symbols like dress, meeting place, title etc.)
    Minimize the size of team
    Formal forum for controversial views (Segmenting the discussion into pros and cons)
    Responsibility for failure (Create a climate where teams can make mistakes, own up to them, and then move on without fear of recrimination)

    Decision-Making Pitfall 4: Group Polarization: The tendency for group discussion to intensify group opinion, producing more extreme judgment than might be obtained by pooling individuals’ views separately.
    Group Polarization is not simply a case of social compliance; people really believe the group’s decision.

    Resource:
    Book: Making the Team, a guide for managers (by Leigh Thompson)


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